Babies, usually referred to young children with age less than 1 year, are more susceptible to adverse impacts of a similar level of air pollution exposure compared with adults[[1]], [[2]],[[3]],[[4]],[[5]]. The systematic assessment of their exposure is lacking. A multifaceted mitigation approach including soft (community empowering) and hard (technology driven) measures are needed to limit their exposure. Focusing on pollutants such as particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), ultrafine particles (UFPs), and black carbon (BC), the aim of this work is to critically assess the comparative exposure levels of in-pram babies and to develop a strategic exposure mitigation framework combining technology, public-policy and community engagement strategies.

[1] Buonanno, G., Stabile, L., Morawska, L., Russi, A., 2013. Children exposure assessment to ultrafine particles  and black carbon: The role of transport and cooking activities. Atmospheric Environment 79, 53-58.

Kumar, P., Rivas, I., Sachdeva, L., 2017. Exposure of in-pram babies to airborne particles during morning drop-in and afternoon pick-up of school children. Environmental Pollution 224, 407-420.

[2] Galea, K.S., MacCalman, L., Amend-Straif, M., Gorman-Ng, M., Cherrie, J.W., 2014. Are children in buggies  exposed to higher PM 2.5 concentrations than adults. J Environ Health Res 14, 28-42.

[3] Kenagy, H.S., Lin, C., Wu, H., Heal, M.R., 2016. Greater nitrogen dioxide concentrations at child versus adult breathing heights close to urban main road kerbside. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 9, 589-595.

[4] Kumar, P., Rivas, I., Sachdeva, L., 2017. Exposure of in-pram babies to airborne particles during morning drop-in and afternoon pick-up of school children. Environmental Pollution 224, 407-420.

[5] Sharma, A., Kumar, P., 2018. A review of factors surrounding the air pollution exposure to in-pram babies and mitigation strategies. Environment international 120, 262-278.