The optical detection system in a Laser Ablation Aerosol Time-of-Flight (LAAP-TOF) Single Particle Mass Spectrometer was modified to enable the ambient sampling of Saharan dust aerosol with high temporal resolution. We discuss the suitability of the instrument to measure the evolution of the particle number concentration and the coating of secondary coating on mineral dust. A novel technique for analysing structural information encoded in the spectral peak widths shows potential for the on-line identification of mineral phase of silicates in ambient aerosol.