We present results from a measurement campaign conducted in London’s Paddington Station with the following objectives: (1) to quantify the air quality in London Paddington station, (2) to compare results to EU regulations and typical London roadside concentrations, and (3) to use modelled train emissions estimates to simulate Paddington particle concentrations with a mixed-box model. Experimental and modelling results can be used to estimate the emissions impact of future train technologies in Paddington and may be useful in guiding transportation technology adoption decisions.