Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines equipped with a turbocharger or supercharger (known as boosted engines) have achieved significant market penetration due to their advantages in reducing CO2 emissions compared to Port Fuel Injection (PFI) engines. These engines are known to emit particulate matter and recent studies have characterized these emissions. Fuel composition is known to have an impact on Particle Number (PN) emissions from GDI engines, however its effect on emissions from highly boosted engines is not known.
