The remote location and the harsh conditions of the Arctic environment pose strong challenges when it comes to studying the Arctic atmosphere. This is why only few studies have been carried out and as a consequence our understanding of the Arctic atmosphere, meteorology, and climate is limited. This accounts not least for the presence, the types and the activity of bio-aerosols. Airborne microorganisms, that are a fraction of the so-called bioaerosols, have properties, which enable them to interact with the formation and development of clouds, rain, and snow. Due to the poorly constrained types and concentrations of these bioaerosols, their possible influence on the formation of clouds and precipitation has not been determined. Studies in temperate regions have provided first insights leading to the indication that bioaerosols impact both weather and climate, as they may be involved in controlling the lifetime and extent of clouds. This means that bioaerosols might also be an important missing link for predicting radiation budgets in the Arctic in climate models. In turn, radiation budgets have large impacts on the formation, accumulation and melt of surface snow and sea ice. The abundance and physico-chemical properties of bioaerosols in the high Arctic and their impact on weather and climate have yet to be thoroughly investigated. In order to obtain quantitative data on the role of bioaerosols in regional climate in the high Arctic we focused on the long-range transported and locally deposited airborne microorganisms and their corresponding ice nucleation activity.